Cat adoption: 10 Essential Things to Know Before Adopting a Cat

Adopting a cat is a life-changing decision that brings immense joy, companionship, and meaning to one’s life. However, it’s not all cuddles and purrs—cats require significant care, attention, and responsibility. For first-time cat parents, understanding the realities of cat ownership is crucial to ensuring a happy and healthy relationship with their new feline friend. This guide explores 10 essential things every potential cat owner should know before bringing home a cat or kitten. Packed with practical advice, this post aims to prepare readers for the rewarding yet challenging journey of cat adoption, while also helping to reduce the number of cats who face the trauma of rehoming.

1. Cats Are Not Low-Maintenance Pets

Contrary to popular belief, cats are not as low-maintenance as some might think. While they require less work than dogs, cats, especially kittens, demand significant time and effort. Kittens are high-energy and need ample playtime and enrichment to stay happy and healthy. Without proper stimulation, they may develop undesirable behaviors like scratching furniture or excessive meowing.

To meet their needs, owners should invest in interactive toys such as feather wands, laser pointers, or puzzle feeders. For those adopting a single kitten, be prepared to dedicate time to play, as they will seek constant attention. Some experts recommend adopting two kittens so they can entertain each other, reducing the burden on the owner. Providing sufficient playtime not only prevents behavioral issues but also fosters a strong bond between the cat and its owner.

2. Kittens Get Into Everything

Cats, particularly kittens, are naturally curious and will explore every nook and cranny of a home. This adventurous spirit can lead them to unexpected places, from inside cabinets to behind appliances. To keep them safe, kitten-proofing the home is essential.

Consider securing breakable objects, blocking off fireplaces, and checking appliances like refrigerators or washing machines before closing them. Installing baby-proof locks on cabinets can prevent curious kittens from getting stuck or accessing harmful items. A collar with a bell can also help owners keep track of their kitten’s whereabouts, reducing the risk of losing them in the home.

3. Cats Are Crepuscular, Not Nocturnal

A common misconception is that cats are nocturnal, but they are actually crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dusk and dawn. This behavior can disrupt the sleep of owners who are not prepared for their cat’s nighttime or early-morning energy bursts, often referred to as “zoomies.”

To manage this, owners can try tiring their cat out with vigorous play sessions in the evening. Interactive toys or laser pointers can help expend their energy before bedtime. For those who prefer not to have their cat in the bedroom at night, closing the door is an option, but solitary cats may cry persistently for attention. Planning ahead with solutions like providing nighttime toys or a companion pet can help mitigate sleep disruptions.

4. Cats Love to Chew

Kittens, in particular, love to chew as they explore their environment and teethe. This behavior typically peaks between 4 to 6 months when kittens lose their baby teeth. To protect household items, owners should hide electrical cords, secure unsafe human foods, and remove or relocate toxic indoor plants.

Common plants poisonous to cats include lilies, aloe, and poinsettias, which are especially prevalent during the holiday season. The ASPCA provides a comprehensive list of toxic plants, which can be a valuable resource for cat owners. By eliminating these hazards, owners can ensure their kitten’s safety and prevent costly vet visits.

5. Scratching Is a Natural Behavior

Scratching is a healthy and instinctive behavior for cats. It helps them mark their territory, express emotions, and maintain claw health by removing old sheaths. However, this can wreak havoc on furniture if not managed properly.

To redirect scratching, owners should provide multiple scratching posts—ideally one per cat plus an extra. For example, a household with two cats should have at least three scratching posts. These posts should be sturdy and tall enough for the cat to stretch fully. Deterrents like citrus-scented sprays or aluminum foil can protect furniture, while positive reinforcement encourages cats to use scratching posts. With patience and consistency, owners can train their cats to scratch appropriately, preserving both their furniture and their cat’s well-being.

6. Playful Biting and Scratching Is Common

During play, cats may bite or scratch their owners, especially kittens who are still learning boundaries. This behavior is not a sign of aggression but rather an expression of playfulness and affection. However, allowing it can lead to painful scratches as the cat grows.

Redirecting play to toys like feather wands or stuffed mice is the best approach. Owners should avoid using their hands as toys to prevent reinforcing the behavior. For households with multiple cats, adopting two kittens can allow them to play-fight with each other, learning appropriate boundaries naturally.

Additionally, regular nail trimming is essential. Starting early by handling a kitten’s paws frequently makes them comfortable with the process. Trimming claws every two weeks reduces damage from scratching and makes playtime safer for owners. Many online tutorials, such as those by experienced cat owners, provide step-by-step guidance on safe nail trimming.

7. Feeding Schedules Are Sacred to Cats

Cats, especially food-motivated ones, thrive on routine and may become vocal or disruptive around feeding times. Once a feeding schedule is established, cats will expect it consistently, including on weekends. For example, if a cat is fed at 6 a.m. on weekdays, it will likely demand the same on Saturday and Sunday.

Choosing a feeding schedule that aligns with the owner’s lifestyle is crucial. Owners should also consider the type of food they provide. Wet food is recommended as it provides essential moisture, supporting long-term health, particularly for a cat’s kidneys and urinary tract. Consulting a veterinarian or researching credible sources can help owners select high-quality cat food that meets their pet’s nutritional needs.

8. Cat Care Can Be Expensive

While cats are generally less costly to care for than dogs, expenses can add up. Veterinary care is one of the most significant costs, covering vaccinations, spaying or neutering, and unexpected illnesses. For example, a kitten’s first-year medical plan, including neutering, can cost around $85 per month through providers like Banfield.

Other expenses include cat litter, which can be pricey for natural options like pine, though buying in bulk can save money. Food costs vary depending on whether owners choose wet, dry, or a combination of both. Enrichment items like toys, scratching posts, and catnip also contribute to the budget. Planning for these costs upfront ensures owners are financially prepared for their cat’s needs.

9. Outdoor Dangers Are Real

Allowing cats outdoors poses significant risks, including traffic accidents, poisoning, and attacks by predators like coyotes, hawks, or unleashed dogs. Cats may also ingest toxic substances like antifreeze or rat poison, which can be fatal. Additionally, outdoor cats can negatively impact local wildlife, particularly bird populations. Studies, such as those conducted in cities like Seattle, highlight the significant effect of cats on native birds.

Keeping cats indoors is the safest option. For those who want their cat to enjoy the outdoors, leash training or building a catio—a secure outdoor enclosure—offers safe alternatives. Leash training allows cats to explore while supervised, and catios provide a protected space for fresh air and stimulation. These solutions honor the responsibility of keeping a cat safe while enriching its environment.

10. Cats Are Life-Changing Companions

Despite the challenges, adopting a cat is an incredibly rewarding experience. Cats are hilarious, intelligent, curious, and affectionate, bringing endless entertainment and love to their owners’ lives. Their unique personalities and mischievous antics create unforgettable moments that deepen the bond between pet and owner.

For many, cats become cherished family members, offering companionship and emotional support. The joy of watching a cat chase a laser pointer, curl up for a nap, or greet their owner with a purr is unmatched. By providing a safe, loving home, owners can transform their lives and their cat’s, creating a lasting and meaningful connection.

Additional Tips for New Cat Owners

Beyond the 10 essentials, here are a few more tips to ensure a smooth transition into cat ownership-

• Litter Box Maintenance: Cats are particular about their litter boxes. Provide one box per cat plus an extra, and clean them daily to prevent accidents. Place boxes in quiet, accessible locations.
• Veterinary Care: Schedule regular vet checkups to monitor your cat’s health. Early detection of issues can save money and prevent suffering.
• Socialization: Handle kittens frequently to familiarize them with human interaction. This builds trust and reduces stress during vet visits or grooming.
• Enrichment: Rotate toys to keep cats engaged and consider window perches or bird feeders outside (safely out of reach) to provide visual stimulation.

Why Responsible Cat Ownership Matters

Adopting a cat is a long-term commitment that can last 15–20 years or more. By understanding the responsibilities involved, owners can prevent the heartache of rehoming, which is traumatic for cats. Sharing knowledge about proper cat care with other potential owners can help reduce the number of cats surrendered to shelters. Organizations like the Humane Society and ASPCA offer resources to support new cat parents, ensuring both cats and owners thrive.

Conclusion

Adopting a cat is a journey filled with joy, challenges, and profound rewards. By preparing for the realities of cat ownership—playtime demands, kitten-proofing, managing zoomies, and more—new owners can create a safe and loving environment for their feline companions. Keeping cats indoors, providing proper nutrition, and investing in their emotional and physical well-being are key to a fulfilling relationship. For those ready to embrace the adventure, a cat will bring endless love, laughter, and companionship, transforming their lives in ways they never imagined.

For more information on cat care, including toxic plant lists or leash training tutorials, visit trusted resources like the ASPCA or consult a veterinarian. Share this guide with aspiring cat parents to help them make informed decisions and give every cat the forever home they deserve.